After being a matter of hot debate for years, the presence of lipid membranes Bicycle Bell in the last common ancestor of extant organisms (i.e., the cenancestor) now begins to be generally accepted.By contrast, cenancestral cell walls have attracted less attention, probably owing to the large diversity of cell walls that exist in the three domains
Background and Aim Surgical site infections (SSIs) among diabetes patients are found to be the leading type of infection among hospitalized patients globally.Careful handling of surgical equipment reduces the chances of SSIs, and those who incorporate best practices can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with SSIs.To assess the factors r
Excess export of nitrate to streams affects ecosystem structure and functions and has been an environmental issue attracting worldwide attention.The dynamics of catchment-scale solute export from diffuse nitrogen sources can be explained by the changes of dominant flow paths, as solute attenuation (including the degradation of nitrate) is linked to
Extraction process of wood raw materials, from forest stand to the nearest forest road, is very difficult and expensive stage having highest environmental damages.Forestry activities where limited to the use of technology have great importance in terms of technical, economical, ergonomic and environmental in mountainous terrain especially.The aim o
How microbial cells leverage their phenotypic potential to survive in a changing environment is a complex biological problem, with important implications for pathogenesis and species evolution.Stochastic phenotype switching, a particularly fascinating adaptive approach observed in numerous species across the tree of life, introduces phenotypic dive